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Which is the best country to practice as a doctor ?
Posted by luputtenan2 on Wednesday, February 15, 2012
Many doctors are actually at a cross road as regards where to practice...Having sacrificed so much, studying to become a doctor,choosing the best country to practice then becomes a crucial subject.
However,doing a direct comparison of remuneration across different countries is tricky because the same salary may allow for different standards of living in different places.
But here are two possible ways to think about these comparisons, taken from a 2007 Congressional Research Service report.
One way to compare cross-country data is to adjust the salaries for purchasing power parity — that is, adjusting the numbers so that $1,000 of salary buys the same amount of goods and services in every country, providing a general sense of a physician’s standard of living in each nation.
These numbers are in the second, fourth and sixth columns of the chart below.
They show that American general practitioners and nurses earn more than their counterparts in other developed countries, and American specialist are close to the top of the pack.
Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS) analysis of Remuneration of Health Professions, OECD Health Data 2006 (October 2006), available at [http://www.ecosante.fr/OCDEENG/70.html]. Sorted by specialists’ compensation. Amounts are adjusted using U.S. dollar purchasing power
parities. Amounts from previous years are trended up to 2004 dollars using the annualized Bureau of
Labor Statistics Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries of health services workers in private
industry. It is not known whether wage growth in health professions in other countries was similar to
that in the United States. Amounts are from previous years for 10 countries: data for Australia,
Canada, Denmark (for specialists and nurses), Finland (for nurses), and the Netherlands are from
2003; data for Belgium (for specialists), Denmark (for general practitioners), New Zealand (for
nurses), and Sweden are from 2002; data for Switzerland and the United States (for specialists and
general practitioners) are from 2001; and data for Belgium (for general practitioners) and the United
States (for nurses) are from 2000. Ratios of salaries to GDP per capita reflect the year the data was
collected and are not adjusted for inflation. For countries that have both self-employed and salaried
professionals in a given field, the amount presented here is the higher of the two salaries. Four
countries have both salaried and self-employed specialists: the Czech Republic (where compensation
is $29,484 for salaried and $34,852 for self-employed specialists), Greece ($67,119 and $64,782), the
Netherlands ($130,911 and $252,727), and the United States ($170,300 and $229,500). One country
has both salaried and self-employed general practitioners: in the United States, salaried general
practitioners earn $134,600, compared with $154,200 if self-employed. All nurses are salaried among
this data.Another way is look at how a doctor’s salary compares to the average national income in that doctor’s country — that is, gross domestic product per capita. These numbers are in the third column, fifth and seventh columns of the chart.
As a country’s wealth rises, so should doctors’ pay. But even accounting for this trend, the United States pays doctors more than its wealth would predict:
According to this model, the 2007 report says, “The U.S. position above the trendline indicates that specialists are paid approximately $50,000 more than would be predicted by the high U.S. GDP. General practitioners are paid roughly $30,000 more than the U.S. GDP would predict, and nurses are paid $8,000 more.”
But it’s important to keep in mind, the report notes, that health care professionals in other O.E.C.D. countries pay much less (if anything) for their medical educations than do their American counterparts. In other words, doctors and nurses in the rest of the industrialized world start their medical careers with much less student loan debt compared to medical graduates in the United States.
More about → Which is the best country to practice as a doctor ?
However,doing a direct comparison of remuneration across different countries is tricky because the same salary may allow for different standards of living in different places.
But here are two possible ways to think about these comparisons, taken from a 2007 Congressional Research Service report.
One way to compare cross-country data is to adjust the salaries for purchasing power parity — that is, adjusting the numbers so that $1,000 of salary buys the same amount of goods and services in every country, providing a general sense of a physician’s standard of living in each nation.
These numbers are in the second, fourth and sixth columns of the chart below.
They show that American general practitioners and nurses earn more than their counterparts in other developed countries, and American specialist are close to the top of the pack.
Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS) analysis of Remuneration of Health Professions, OECD Health Data 2006 (October 2006), available at [http://www.ecosante.fr/OCDEENG/70.html]. Sorted by specialists’ compensation. Amounts are adjusted using U.S. dollar purchasing powerparities. Amounts from previous years are trended up to 2004 dollars using the annualized Bureau of
Labor Statistics Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries of health services workers in private
industry. It is not known whether wage growth in health professions in other countries was similar to
that in the United States. Amounts are from previous years for 10 countries: data for Australia,
Canada, Denmark (for specialists and nurses), Finland (for nurses), and the Netherlands are from
2003; data for Belgium (for specialists), Denmark (for general practitioners), New Zealand (for
nurses), and Sweden are from 2002; data for Switzerland and the United States (for specialists and
general practitioners) are from 2001; and data for Belgium (for general practitioners) and the United
States (for nurses) are from 2000. Ratios of salaries to GDP per capita reflect the year the data was
collected and are not adjusted for inflation. For countries that have both self-employed and salaried
professionals in a given field, the amount presented here is the higher of the two salaries. Four
countries have both salaried and self-employed specialists: the Czech Republic (where compensation
is $29,484 for salaried and $34,852 for self-employed specialists), Greece ($67,119 and $64,782), the
Netherlands ($130,911 and $252,727), and the United States ($170,300 and $229,500). One country
has both salaried and self-employed general practitioners: in the United States, salaried general
practitioners earn $134,600, compared with $154,200 if self-employed. All nurses are salaried among
this data.
As a country’s wealth rises, so should doctors’ pay. But even accounting for this trend, the United States pays doctors more than its wealth would predict:
But it’s important to keep in mind, the report notes, that health care professionals in other O.E.C.D. countries pay much less (if anything) for their medical educations than do their American counterparts. In other words, doctors and nurses in the rest of the industrialized world start their medical careers with much less student loan debt compared to medical graduates in the United States.
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Cure for Alzheimer's disease : An amazing research underway !
Posted by luputtenan2 on Tuesday, February 14, 2012
There is probably some good news for several millions of elderly people whose life have been miserably hunted by amyloid plaque forming disease.Here is an interesting piece on that.....................................
Destructive plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients have been rapidly cleared by researchers testing a cancer drug on mice.
The US study, published in the journal Science, reported the plaques were broken down at "unprecedented" speed. Tests also showed an improvement in some brain function.
Specialists said the results were promising, but warned that successful drugs in mice often failed to work in people.
The exact cause of Alzheimer's remains unknown, but one of the leading theories involves the formation of clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid. These damage and kill brain cells, eventually resulting in memory problems and the inability to think clearly.
Clearing protein plaques is a major focus of Alzheimer's research and drugs are already being tested in human clinical trials.
In the body, the role of removing beta-amyloid falls to apolipoprotein E - or ApoE. However, people have different versions of the protein. Having the ApoE4 genetic variant is one of the biggest risk factors for developing the disease.
Helping hand Scientists at the Case Western Reserve University in Ohio were investigating ways of boosting levels of ApoE, which in theory should reduce levels of beta-amyloid.
They tested bexarotene, which has been approved for use to treat cancers in the skin, on mice with an illness similar to Alzheimer's.
Plaques, in brown, form around brain cells, in blue, which kills parts of the brain In older mice with established amyloid plaques, seven days of treatment halved the number of plaques in the brain.
The study said there were improvements in brain function after treatment, in nest building, maze performance and remembering electrical shocks.
Researchers Paige Cramer said: "This is an unprecedented finding. Previously, the best existing treatment for Alzheimer's disease in mice required several months to reduce plaque in the brain."
In people? The research is at a very early stage, and drugs often do not make the leap from animal experiment to human treatment.
Fellow researcher Prof Gary Landreth said the study was "particularly exciting and rewarding" and held the "potential promise of a therapy for Alzheimer's disease".
However, he stressed that the drug had been tested in only three "mouse models" which simulate the early stages of the disease and are not Alzheimer's.
Continue reading the main story
Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia
- Symptoms include loss of memory, mood changes, and problems with communication and reasoning
- No one single factor has been identified as a cause for Alzheimer's disease - a combination of factors, including age, genes, environment, lifestyle and general health are implicated
- Source: Alzheimer's Society
He warned people not to "try this at home", as the drug had not been proven to work in Alzheimer's patients and there was no indication of what any dose should be.
"We need to be clear, the drug works quite well in mouse models of the disease. Our next objective is to ascertain if it acts similarly in humans," he said.His group is preparing to start trials in a small group of people to see if there is a similar effect in humans.
The disease is likely to become more common as people live longer. The Alzheimer's Society predicts the number of people with dementia will reach a million by 2021 in the UK alone.
Continue reading the main story
“Start Quote
Dr Simon Ridley Alzheimer's Research UKThere are a number of drugs in development that aim to clear amyloid from the brain, and the jury is still out on whether this approach will be successful as a treatment for Alzheimer's”
Its research manager, Dr Anne Corbett, said: "This exciting study could be the beginning of a journey towards a potential new way to treat Alzheimer's disease.
"However, this is very early days. People with Alzheimer's should not rush to get this drug, as we need much more research to establish if it has benefits for humans." Dr Simon Ridley, head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK, said the findings were "promising" but any effect was still unproven in people."There are a number of drugs in development that aim to clear amyloid from the brain, and the jury is still out on whether this approach will be successful as a treatment for Alzheimer's."
David Allsop, professor of neuroscience at Lancaster University, said: "I would say that the results should be treated with cautious optimism.
"It looks promising in the mouse model but in recent years, these types of experiments in mice have not translated well into humans."
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-16945466
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BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER
Posted by luputtenan2 on Monday, February 6, 2012
BDD is characterized by an unusually exaggerated degree of worry or concern about a specific part of the face or body, rather than the general size or shape of the body. It is distinguished from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa , to the extent that patients with these disorders are preoccupied with their overall weight and body shape. For example, an adolescent who thinks that her breasts are too large and wants to have plastic surgery to reduce their size but is otherwise unconcerned about her weight and is eating normally would be diagnosed with BDD, not anorexia or bulimia. As many as 50% of patients diagnosed with BDD undergo plastic surgery to correct their perceived physical defects.
Causes and symptoms
NEUROBIOLOGICAL CAUSES. Research indicates that patients diagnosed with BDD have serotonin levels that are lower than normal. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter— a chemical produced by the brain that helps to transmit nerve impulses across the junctions between nerve cells. Low serotonin levels are associated with depression and other mood disorders.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CAUSES. Another important factor in the development of BDD is the influence of the mass media in developed countries, particularly the role of advertising in spreading images of physically "perfect" men and women. Impressionable children and adolescents absorb the message that anything short of physical perfection is unacceptable. They may then develop distorted perceptions of their own faces and bodies.
A young person's family of origin also has a powerful influence on his or her vulnerability to BDD. Children whose parents are themselves obsessed with appearance, dieting, and/or bodybuilding; or who are highly critical of their children's looks, are at greater risk of developing BDD.
An additional factor in some young people is a history of childhood trauma or abuse. Buried feelings about the abuse or traumatic incident emerge in the form of obsession about a part of the face or body. This "reassignment" of emotions from the unacknowledged true cause to another issue is called displacement. For example, an adolescent who frequently felt overwhelmed in childhood by physically abusive parents may develop a preoccupation at the high school level with muscular strength and power.
Symptoms
The diagnosis of BDD in children and adolescents is often made by physicians in family practice because they are more likely to have developed long-term relationships of trust with the young people. With adults, it is often specialists in dermatology, cosmetic dentistry, or plastic surgery who may suspect that the patient suffers from BDD because of frequent requests for repeated or unnecessary procedures. Reported rates of BDD among dermatology and cosmetic surgery patients range between 6% and 15%. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the patient's history together with the physician's observations of the patient's overall mood and conversation patterns. People with BDD often come across to others as generally anxious and worried. In addition, the patient's dress or clothing styles may suggest a diagnosis of BDD.
Treatments
The standard treatment regimen for body dysmorphic disorder is a combination of medications and psychotherapy . Surgical, dental, or dermatologic treatments have been found to be ineffective.
Medications
The medications most frequently prescribed for patients with BDD are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, most commonly fluoxetine (Prozac) or sertraline (Zoloft). Other SSRIs that have been used with this group of patients include fluvoxamine (Luvox) and paroxetine (Paxil). In fact, it is the relatively high rate of positive responses to SSRIs among BDD patients that led to the hypothesis that the disorder has a neurobiological component related to serotonin levels in the body. An associated finding is that patients with BDD require higher dosages of SSRI medications to be effective than patients who are being treated for depression with these drugs.
Psychotherapy
The most effective approach to psychotherapy with BDD patients is cognitive-behavioral therapy , of which cognitive restructuring is one component. Since the disorder is rel
Read more: Body dysmorphic disorder - children, causes, DSM, functioning, therapy, adults, person, people http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Body-dysmorphic-disorder.html#ixzz1lju2ZPDr
ated to delusions about one's appearance, cognitive-oriented therapy that challenges inaccurate self-perceptions is more effective than purely supportive approaches. Relaxation techniques also work well with BDD patients when they are combined wih cognitive restructuring.
Hospitalization
BDD patients have high rates of self-destructive behavior, including performing surgery on themselves at home (liposuction followed by skin stapling, sawing down teeth, and removing facial scars with sandpaper) and attempted or completed suicide. Many are unable to remain in school, form healthy relationships, or keep steady jobs. In one group of 100 patients diagnosed with BDD, 48% had been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons, and 30% had made at least one suicide attempt.
More about → BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER
Causes and symptoms
NEUROBIOLOGICAL CAUSES. Research indicates that patients diagnosed with BDD have serotonin levels that are lower than normal. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter— a chemical produced by the brain that helps to transmit nerve impulses across the junctions between nerve cells. Low serotonin levels are associated with depression and other mood disorders.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CAUSES. Another important factor in the development of BDD is the influence of the mass media in developed countries, particularly the role of advertising in spreading images of physically "perfect" men and women. Impressionable children and adolescents absorb the message that anything short of physical perfection is unacceptable. They may then develop distorted perceptions of their own faces and bodies.
A young person's family of origin also has a powerful influence on his or her vulnerability to BDD. Children whose parents are themselves obsessed with appearance, dieting, and/or bodybuilding; or who are highly critical of their children's looks, are at greater risk of developing BDD.
An additional factor in some young people is a history of childhood trauma or abuse. Buried feelings about the abuse or traumatic incident emerge in the form of obsession about a part of the face or body. This "reassignment" of emotions from the unacknowledged true cause to another issue is called displacement. For example, an adolescent who frequently felt overwhelmed in childhood by physically abusive parents may develop a preoccupation at the high school level with muscular strength and power.
Symptoms
The diagnosis of BDD in children and adolescents is often made by physicians in family practice because they are more likely to have developed long-term relationships of trust with the young people. With adults, it is often specialists in dermatology, cosmetic dentistry, or plastic surgery who may suspect that the patient suffers from BDD because of frequent requests for repeated or unnecessary procedures. Reported rates of BDD among dermatology and cosmetic surgery patients range between 6% and 15%. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the patient's history together with the physician's observations of the patient's overall mood and conversation patterns. People with BDD often come across to others as generally anxious and worried. In addition, the patient's dress or clothing styles may suggest a diagnosis of BDD.
Treatments
The standard treatment regimen for body dysmorphic disorder is a combination of medications and psychotherapy . Surgical, dental, or dermatologic treatments have been found to be ineffective.
Medications
The medications most frequently prescribed for patients with BDD are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, most commonly fluoxetine (Prozac) or sertraline (Zoloft). Other SSRIs that have been used with this group of patients include fluvoxamine (Luvox) and paroxetine (Paxil). In fact, it is the relatively high rate of positive responses to SSRIs among BDD patients that led to the hypothesis that the disorder has a neurobiological component related to serotonin levels in the body. An associated finding is that patients with BDD require higher dosages of SSRI medications to be effective than patients who are being treated for depression with these drugs.
Psychotherapy
The most effective approach to psychotherapy with BDD patients is cognitive-behavioral therapy , of which cognitive restructuring is one component. Since the disorder is rel
Read more: Body dysmorphic disorder - children, causes, DSM, functioning, therapy, adults, person, people http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Body-dysmorphic-disorder.html#ixzz1lju2ZPDr
ated to delusions about one's appearance, cognitive-oriented therapy that challenges inaccurate self-perceptions is more effective than purely supportive approaches. Relaxation techniques also work well with BDD patients when they are combined wih cognitive restructuring.
Hospitalization
BDD patients have high rates of self-destructive behavior, including performing surgery on themselves at home (liposuction followed by skin stapling, sawing down teeth, and removing facial scars with sandpaper) and attempted or completed suicide. Many are unable to remain in school, form healthy relationships, or keep steady jobs. In one group of 100 patients diagnosed with BDD, 48% had been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons, and 30% had made at least one suicide attempt.
Prognosis
As of 2002, researchers do not know enough about the lifetime course of body dysmorphic disorder to offer a detailed prognosis. The DSM-IV-TR notes that the disorder "has a fairly continuous course, with few symptom-free intervals, although the intensity of symptoms may wax and wane over time."Prevention
Given the pervasive influence of the mass media in contemporary Western societies, the best preventive strategy involves challenging those afflicted with the disorder and who consequently have unrealistic images of attractive people. Parents, teachers, primary health care professionals, and other adults who work with young people can point out and discuss the pitfalls of trying to look "perfect." In addition, parents or other adults can educate themselves about BDD and its symptoms, and pay attention to any warning signs in their children's dress or behavior.
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Why several ladies get worried about the size of their breast & why men think their genitals are too small !
Posted by luputtenan2
Over the years,I have come across many people,mostly adolescent that feel something isnt just right about the size of their genitals- Many young men complain about their genitals been too small and several ladies get so disturbed about the size of their breast.
A vast majority actually dont have problem with this respective body parts.They rather have a pathology of the mind.....This condition is known as BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER.
The question that now comes to mind is; What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Now i will demystify that in a short moment, and i do hope the treatment i would profer would help several readers that supposedly have this symptoms !
More about → Why several ladies get worried about the size of their breast & why men think their genitals are too small !
A vast majority actually dont have problem with this respective body parts.They rather have a pathology of the mind.....This condition is known as BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER.
The question that now comes to mind is; What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Now i will demystify that in a short moment, and i do hope the treatment i would profer would help several readers that supposedly have this symptoms !
{ Add comments }
Urgently Seeking Donations
Posted by luputtenan2 on Wednesday, February 1, 2012
We are urgently seeking donations and even $2 per week will go along way in helping us get back on our feet. If you can help please deposit money into the account below and email me your full name and address for a tax receipt saveahorseaustralia@yahoo.com.au
Thank you for helping us help the horses.... xxx
BSB: 084852
ACC: 189538671
Name: Save A Horse Australia
Bank: NAB
More about → Urgently Seeking Donations
Thank you for helping us help the horses.... xxx
ACC: 189538671
Name: Save A Horse Australia
Bank: NAB
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